专家推荐新的方式来描述麻醉后的认知变化,老年患者手术

多学科,国际专家组推荐改变临床医生和患者在麻醉和手术后一些患者的认知变化。这些建议在六个同行评审期刊中同时发布,包括麻醉学,官方医学杂志中的美国麻醉学家(ASA),Acta Anaesthesoloologica Scandinavica麻醉和镇痛英国麻醉杂志加拿大麻醉杂志阿尔茨海默病杂志

麻醉和手术后认知功能的变化可以采取许多形式,并且可能持续到几年的高度变化时间。到目前为止,所有这些并发症都被称为“术后认知功能障碍”(POCD)。POCD在65岁及以上患者最常见。

专家建议给出新的伞长或命名,用于治疗与麻醉和手术相关的认知损伤或变化:围手术期神经认知疾病(PND)。然后将PND进一步归类为手术后的谵妄,延迟神经认知恢复(DNCR)和轻度或主要神经认知疾病(NCD),具体取决于定时,持续时间和幅度。患者和/或护理人员的认知功能的监视者主观评估也将被考虑。这些建议是基于已接受的命名法,该命名已经存在于美国精神障碍(DSM-5)的诊断和统计手册中,该手册由美国的医疗保健专业人员和世界大部分地区使用的手册,作为诊断的权威指南精神障碍。

"The majority of patients have no apparent cognitive issues after surgery, but some patients describe having what they call 'brain fog,' which can last for weeks to months, but then generally clears up after that," said Roderic G. Eckenhoff, M.D., one of the authors and vice chair for scientific activities of ASA's Ad Hoc Committee on Perioperative Brain Health Initiative. "They'll say, 'I can't do the crossword puzzle anymore, or I can't find my car anymore.' There has been no term in the DSM-5 to describe this reversible form of cognitive complaint. Delayed neurocognitive recovery, or dNCR, is recommended for what is, in fact, the most common form of PND. These changes in nomenclature will allow physician anesthesiologists and other medical providers to speak the same language when it comes to postoperative cognitive changes in the elderly. It will help clinicians discuss patient risk and prognosis."

PND包括:

  • 术前诊断的认知下降(神经认知障碍(NCD))
  • 任何形式的急性事件发生在医院,最多一周的后期或直到排放(首先出现哪种),例如术后谵妄(POD)
  • 在程序后诊断为期30天的症状(延迟神经认知恢复(DNCR))的认知下降
  • 术后30天和1年间诊断的症状(轻度或主要神经认知疾病(NCD)),认知下降。

“医师麻醉师很少与患者谈论麻醉和手术后术后认知并发症,”Eckenhoff博士说。“然而这是老年患者中最常见的并发症。我们需要与之交谈关于这个问题,为可能发生的内容做好准备,以及任何可能代表进步状况的恐惧。部分命名法将部分帮助我们这样做。“

虽然没有针对研究人员明确设计的,但新的命名也将为调查人员提供框架,以检查PND的发病率,危险因素和自然历史。

In an editorial accompanying the report, Daniel J. Cole, M.D., ASA past president and Evan D. Kharasch, M.D., Ph.D., Anesthesiology editor-in-chief, note the causes of the various types of change in cognitive function after surgery remain elusive and is likely multifactorial, including surgical stress, other patient illnesses, brain frailty, anesthetics and other drugs. They say changing the nomenclature is an important step in addressing the problem of postoperative changes in brain function. "Absent a common lexicon, no branch of science—postoperative brain function included—can effectively move forward to a greater understanding of the roots of the problem and develop effective therapeutic targets and strategies," they wrote. Additionally, Drs. Cole and Kharasch note the nomenclature recommendations "may be useful, but are not yet complete," noting that some terms are used imprecisely and are not evidence-based.

此外,编辑国家“由此产生的文件代表了分类和组织的周到建议。这些建议不能被视为建议或标准,同样的意义于ASA标准和实践参数委员会建立临床实践建议或国际基础联盟和国际基础联盟临床药理学(Iuphar)颁布了用于药理学和相关学科的生物学目标的命名和分类标准。然而,建议。。。。是一个善意的,需要的令人挑剔的开始和欢迎进展,以帮助调查人员在现场推进科学的进展术后大脑功能。“


进一步探索

异丙酚可能会降低神经认知恢复的延迟

由美国麻醉学家提供
引文:专家推荐新途径来描述麻醉后的认知变化,老年患者手术(2018年10月16日)从HTTPS://MedicalXpress.com/news/2018-10-experts-cognitive-anesthesia-surgery- exerly.html.
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